Document Type : علمی- ترویجی

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Quran and Hadith Siences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor in Islamic Theology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor in Persian Literature, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.

Abstract

There is some information about the various jobs of the companions in the books of al-Rijal. Recognition and analysis of this information can acquaint us with aspects of the economic system of the early Islamic Arab society. Numerous studies can be found from ancient times to modern times, in each of which attention to this matter and analyses based on it have been presented from the early history of Islam. The subject of the present study is to recognize government jobs in Madina al-Nabi. By extracting the data contained in historical and Rijal sources, it is tried to categorize the reports related to government jobs in the Medina of the era of the Prophet, and examine the companions’ rate of employment to each of those jobs. On this basis, in the present study, these questions will be answered: first, can we find objective and reliable pieces of evidence about jobs in the early Islamic government by reviewing historical sources, especially Rijal books; second, to what extent can the links between these reports themselves help us to objectively classify these jobs; third, how much can the information about each job indicate their relationship to each other or their position in the early Islamic system of government.

Keywords

Abu Dawood Sajestani, Suleiman bin Ash'ath (1950), Al-Sunan, by the efforts of Muhammad Mohiuddin Abdul Hamid, Cairo, Dar Ihya Sunnah al-Nabiyyah.
Abu Shaqqa, Abdul Halim Muhammad (94-1990), Women's Editing in the Age of the Message, Kuwait, Dar Al-Qalam.
Abul Faraj Esfahani, Ali bin Hossein (1989), Al-Aghani, by Samir Jaber, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
Aiti, Mohammad Ibrahim (1980), History of the Prophet of Islam, by Abolqasem Gurji, Tehran, University of Tehran.
Ali, Jawad (2001), Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab before Islam, Medina, Dar al-Saqee.
Bahrani, Seyyed Hashem (1992), Madinah al-Ma'ajj, Qom, Institute of Islamic Education.
Blatheri, Ahmed ibn Yahya (1959), Ansab al-Ashraf, courtesy of Muhammad Hamid Allah, Cairo, Dar al-Ma'arif.
Daraj, Ahmad Sayyid (1979), Book Industry and Its Development in the Islamic Age, Volume of Da'wah al-Haq Magazine, Jeddah, Dar al-Isbahani.
Dhahabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad (1955), the path of declaring the nobility, with the efforts of Salah al-Din Manjad, Cairo, Dar al-Hadith.
Dhahabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad (1995), Mizan al-Etidal fi Naqd al-Rajal, by Ali Muhammad Bejawi, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
Hajili, Abdullah bin Muhammad (2005), "Kitab al-Diwan fi Ahd al-Nabawi", al-Madinah al-Amnoorah, number 13. -
Haytami, Ali bin Abi Bakr (1986), Al-Zawaed Assembly, Cairo/Beirut, Dar al-Ryan.
Ibn Athir, Ali Ibn Muhammad (1906), Asdal Ghabah, Cairo, Al-Ma'arif al-Masriyya society.
Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad (2003), Al-Sirah, by the efforts of Muhammad Mohiuddin Abdul Hamid, Cairo, Al-Saada Publishing House.
Ibn Hajj, Abd al-Qadir. (No Date). Rifa al-Khafa, Baghdad Museum manuscript, number 246.
Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad bin Ali (1949), Al-Isbah, Cairo, Al-Saada Press.
Ibn Saad, Muhammad (1380-1388 AH), Tabaqat al-Kabeer, Beirut, Dar Sadir.
Ibn Shahr Ashub, Muhammad Ibn Ali (1997), Manaqib Al Abi Talib, Najaf, al-Muktab Al-Haydriya.
 Ibn Taqaqi, Muhammad bin Ali (1980), Al-Fakhri, Beirut, Dar al-Sadr.
Ibn Abd al-Bar, Yusuf bin Abdullah (1949), Al-Isti`ab, Cairo, Al-Saada Press.
Ibn Qudama, Abdullah bin Muhammad (2012), Al-Istbasar, by Ali Yusuf Nawihz, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik (1995), Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya, by Mustafa Saqqa, Ebrahim Abiari and Abd al-Hafiz Shalabi, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Tarath al-Arabi.
Ibn Idris, Abdullah Abd al-Aziz (1981), The Society of Medina in the Era of the Prophet (PBUH), Riyadh, Deanship of Libraries Affairs.
Jaberti, Abd al-Rahman bin Hassan (1978), The Wonders of Antiquities, Beirut, Dar AlJeel
Jafarian, Rasul (2005), "Al-Taratib al-Adariyyah (prophetic government system) and the historical background of its authorship", including Al-Taratib al-Adariyyah Katani, Persian translation by Alireza Zakavati Qaragozlu, Tehran, side
Jafarian, Rasool (2005), Sira Rasool God, Qom, our reason
Kattani, Abd al-Hay (2003), Nizam al-Hukuma al-Nabawiyyah, Beirut, Darul Kitab.
Kahala, Omar Reda (1982), Women's Media, Beirut, Al-Resala Foundation.
Kashi, Muhammad bin Omar (1983), Marafah al-Rijal, the authority of Sheikh Tusi, with the efforts of Mahdi Rajaee, Qom, Al-Al-Bayt.
Kilini, Muhammad bin Yaqub (1986), Al-Kafi, by Ali Akbar Ghafari, Tehran, Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiyya, 2/174.
Khaza'i, Ali ibn Mahmoud (1985), Takhrij al-Dalaat al-Sum'iyah, courtesy of Ehsan Abbas, Lebanon, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
Khalifa bin Khayyat (1993), Tabaqat, by Sohail Zakar, Beirut, Dar al-Fekr.
Khalil Juma'a, Ahmad (1992), Women from the Age of the Prophethood, Damascus and Beirut, Dar Ibn Katheer for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Khalil Juma'a, Ahmad (1996), Women of the Household in the Light of the Qur'an and Hadith, Damascus and Beirut, Imamate for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Majlesi, Mohammad Baqer (1982), Bihar al-Anwar, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi.
Muslim bin Hajjaj (1955), Al-Sahih, by the efforts of Muhammad Fouad Abd al-Baqi, Cairo, Al-Saada Publishing House.
Mehroosh et al. (2018). "Pathology of Studies on Governmental Positions of the Prophetic Era", History and Culture, Year 51, Number 103, Autumn and Winter 2018.
Nawi, Yahya Ibn Sharaf (2005), Tahhib Al-Asmaa and Al-Laghat, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya.
Qalqshandi, Ahmed bin Ali (1987), Sobh al-Ashi, by Yusuf Ali Tawali, Damascus, Dar al-Fikr.
Qanoji, Muhammad Sediq Hasan Khan (1922), Hasan al-Aswa bima thabat min Allah wa Rasulah fi al-niswa, India, Dar al-Raed.
Rezazadeh Langroudi, Reza (1989), "Ibn Athir, Abul Hasan", Big Islamic Encyclopedia, Volume II, Tehran, Big Islamic Encyclopedia Publishing Center.
Sajjadi, Sadegh (2004), "Beit al-Mal", Big Persian Encyclopedia, Volume 13, Tehran, Big Islamic Encyclopedia Publishing Center.
Samhoudi, Ali bin Abdallah (1995), Wafa al-Wafa Baakhbar Dar al-Mustafi, with the efforts of Mohiuddin Abd al-Hamid, Cairo, Al-Saada Press.
Seyyed Mortaza, Ali bin Hossein (1998), Al-Mali, by the efforts of Muhammad Abolfazl Ibrahim, Egypt, Dar al-Fikr.
Sayyida Jarbandi, Sayyida Ruqiyeh (2019), Wealth production methods in the era of revelation of the Holy Qur'an based on the analysis of men's data about the Companions, Ph.D. Thesis of Qur'an and Hadith Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan.
Shelbi, Ahmed (2002), History of Education in Islam, translated by Mohammad Hossein Saket, Tehran, Farhang Islamic Publishing House.
Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hassan (1995), Al Bayan Assembly, Beirut, Alami.
Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir (1966), History of the Nations and Al-Muluk, by Muhammad Abolfazl Ibrahim, Egypt, Dar al-Maarif.
Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir (1994), Jame Al Bayan, with the efforts of Khalil Mees and Sedqi Jamil Attar, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
Timi, Ismail bin Muhammad. (No Date). Al-Ba'ath and Al-Maghazi, Manuscript of Kobrilli Library, Istanbul, Turkey, No. 1138.                                        
Waqidi, Muhammad bin Umar (1989), Al-Maghazi, edited by Marsden Jones, Beirut, Alam al-Kitab.
Zarkali, Khair al-Din (1989), Al-Alam, Beirut, Dar al-Alam Lalmalayin.
Zaif, Shoqi (1967), Poetry and Singing in Medina and Mecca during the reign of Bani Umayyad, Beirut, Al-Andalus School.