نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مهدی غلامعلی ¹
• فاطمه شهربابک ²

¹ استادیار گروه علوم حدیث، دانشگاه قرآن و حدیث، تهران، ایران

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه قرآن و حدیث، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کتاب کافی اثر شیخ کلینی یکی از کتب اربعۀ شیعه محسوب می‌شود و برای امامیه از جایگاه رفیعی برخوردار است. اهل سنت برای کتب مشهور صحاح و به‌ویژه صحیحین یعنی صحیح بخاری و صحیح مسلم چنین ارزشی قائل‌اند. در این پژوهش به دنبال یافتن گونه‌های مختلف احادیث مشترک اعتقادی در کتب اصول کافی و صحیحین اهل سنّت بوده‌ایم. ازآنجاکه چنین مطالعه موردی یا مشابه آن را در مقالات نیافتیم ذکر پیشینه‌ای برای آن امکان‌پذیر نیست. درهرصورت، تحقیق در زمینه اشتراک روایی علاوه‌بر افزایش دانش، از جنبۀ تقریب نیز دارای اهمیت است. در این پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای، بررسی در حیطه‌های اصلی شامل مباحث خداشناسی و توحید (مانند وجود خدا، وحدانیت، تبیین صفات الهی، رابطه اسماء و صفات با ذات الهی، ...)، عدل (مانند جبر و تفویض، مسئله شرور و ...)، نبوت و قرآن (مانند پیامبری نبی اکرم (ص)، عصمت، خاتمیت، حدوث و قدم قرآن، تحریف قرآن و ...)، امامت (مانند مسئله جانشینی پیامبر، واقعۀ غدیر، تصریح به ائمۀ هدی علیهم‌السلام و ...) و معاد (مانند سرای دیگر، بهشت و دوزخ و ...) انجام شد. سرانجام پس از یافتن باب‌های اعتقادی در کتب موردنظر، احادیث اعتقادی مشترک استخراج و احصاء شدند که جمعاً 39 موضوع مشترک را در بر می‌گیرند. پس از تعیین گستره روایی، گونه‌شناسی این روایات مشترک تبیین شد، بیشترین گستره را گونه خداشناسی و توحید داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• روایات مشترک اعتقادی
• کافی
• صحیح بخاری
• صحیح مسلم
• گونه شناسی

موضوعات

• حدیث پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Range and Types of Common Belief Ahadith in Al-Kafi and Sahihs of Sunnis

نویسندگان [English]

• Mehdi Gholamali ¹
• Fatemeh Barfeh Shahrbabak ²

¹ Assistant Professor of Hadith Department, Quran and Hadith University, Tehran, Iran

² M.A. in Quran and Hadith Sciences, Ouran and Hadith University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to answer the question that "what common hadiths of belief are found in the book Usul Kafi and the Sahihs of the Sunnis (Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim), the present research was conducted. It is considered as Laihdara al-Faqih, Tahhib al-Ahkam, al-Istbasar) and for the Imamiyyah, it is a noble position. Sunnis have such a value for the famous authentic books, especially the Sahihs, i.e. Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Since we did not find such a case study or similar in the articles, it is not possible to mention a background for it. In addition to increasing knowledge, research in the field of narrative sharing is also important in terms of approximation. Al-Zekr identified the common belief chapters in them, then the common belief hadiths were extracted from these chapters. The lack of similar studies in this field and within the scope of the target books ruled out the possibility of case-by-case discussion and comparison. Finally, common belief hadiths were extracted and counted, which include a total of 39 common topics. After determining the narrative range, the typology of these common narratives was also explained.
Introduction
The comparative analysis of the hadiths of Fariqin is one of the important topics that is frequently used in Islamic and human sciences. In order to answer the question of "what common hadiths of belief are found in the book Usul Kafi and the Sahihs of the Sunnis (Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim), the present research was conducted. It is considered as Laihdara al-Faqih, Tahzib al-Ahkam, al-Istebsar, and for the Imamiyyah, it is a noble position. Sunnis have such value for the famous authentic books, especially the Sahihs, i.e. Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. In addition to increasing knowledge, research in the field of narrative sharing is also important in terms of approximation.
Literature Review
In the review of the research literature, several articles are found on the comparative analysis of the Hadiths of Fariqin. Examples of it are: a comparative study of the interaction of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) with the second caliph in the war with the Sassanids (in Sunni and Shia historical sources), a comparative study of Mahdism in Shia and Sunni interpretive traditions, research and investigation in sources of ijtihad in Shia and Shia jurisprudence. Sunnah review and research of sources of ijtihad in Shia and Sunni jurisprudence, comparative review of Shia and Sunni opinions on women's employment, documentary and brokering of hijab narrations in Sunni hadith sources "with emphasis on the method of determining the common circle", review a comparative analysis of the theory of the jurisprudence from the point of view of Shia and Sunnis, a comparative study of inheritance classes in Shia and Sunni jurisprudence and French law with an approach to the view of Imam Khomeini (PBUH), a comparative study of the legitimacy of disobeying an unjust ruler in Shia and Sunni political jurisprudence.
Methods
In this research, a complete review of the target books of both religions was done first. In the next step, the religious chapters of all target books were extracted and then these chapters were compared. Common and similar hadiths, both verbal and spiritual, were separated and counted. Then, by mentioning their similarities and commonalities, they were codified. Al-Zekr identified the common belief chapters in them, then the common belief hadiths were extracted from these chapters. The lack of similar studies in this field and within the scope of the target books ruled out the possibility of case-by-case discussion and comparison. Finally, common belief hadiths were extracted and counted, which included a total of 39 common topics. After determining the narrative range, the typology of these common narratives was also explained.
Results and Conclusion
Out of the thirty-nine topics common in the belief traditions of the sufficient and correct principles of Sunnis, twenty-three topics (58.9%) were related to the subject of God. Six of the thirty-nine mentioned topics (15.3%) were related to the topic of justice. Discussions such as Muslims not being reprimanded due to the practices of their time of ignorance, discretion in divine reward and punishment, dependence of guidance on divine will, rejection of absolute predestination, and rejection of absolute human agency are among these narrations. It is obvious that there is no sign of hadiths that clearly mention the inter-religious matters in Sahih. Three cases (7.6%) out of the thirty-nine cases mentioned are related to the subject of prophethood and prophecy. Five of the thirty-nine topics mentioned (12.8%) can be used in the topic of Imamate. Hadiths in which death without an Imam is considered the death of ignorance, Ali's love is considered to be faith, and innovation in religion is considered to be misguidance. Mutawatri hadiths such as the hadith of Saqlain, the hadith of Tathir, and the hadith of the Khyber conquest are included in this group. 5.1% similar issues (two cases) related to the subject of resurrection are the hadiths in which the mention of the Zakum tree in hell is used or the committing of major sins are considered to be the cause of entering the fire.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Common Belief Al-Ahadith
• Al-Kafi
• Sahih Bukhari
• Sahih Muslim
• Al-Farighein
• Species Of Ahadith
• Narrative Range