نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مریم برهمن ¹
• مهدیه حسینی ²

¹ استادیار گروه فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، تبیین ضعف‌های رفتاری انسان و روش‌های اصلاح آن بر اساس قرآن کریم است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، مشتمل بر قرآن کریم و نمونۀ پژوهش، آیات مرتبط با ضعف رفتاری است. این تحقیق به لحاظ رویکرد در زمرۀ پژوهش‌های کیفی قرار داشته، از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شده است. بدین منظور، داده‌های اولیه شامل آیات مرتبط با موضوع، با بهره‌مندی از تفاسیر دست‌اول، کدگذاری گردیده، سپس طبقه‌بندی بر اساس مضامین پایه، سازمان دهنده و فراگیر در سه محور مبانی، اصول و روش‌ها صورت گرفته است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ضعف‌های رفتاری در حوزۀ فردی شامل غفلت در زندگی، ناسپاس بودن، غرور و تکبر، عجول بودن، حریص بودن، کم‌طاقتی و یأس در مواجهه با سختی‌ها است. در حوزۀ اجتماعی، مبانی مسخره کردن، عیب‌جویی، کینه‌توزی و نفاق از ضعف‌های رفتاری انسان می‌باشد. متناظر با مبانی، جهت اصلاح ضعف‌های رفتاری در حوزۀ روش یاد حق، شکرگزاری، هوشیاری، شکیبایی، قناعت ورزی، بالابردن آستانۀ تحمل در مواجهه با دشواری‌ها، بخشش، ارشادپذیری، ستّاریّت، تأثیرگذاری قلبی، سکوت مدبرانه و راست‌گویی شناسایی شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که برای تحقق رشد واقعی انسان‌ها، برنامه‌ای جامع و همه‌جانبه لازم است تا ابتدا مبانی ضعف رفتاری شناخته شود و سپس متناسب با آن، روش‌های تربیتی برای اصلاح این ضعف‌ها با توجه به کلام خداوند اتخاذ شود، به‌نحوی‌که روش‌های تربیتی به‌دست‌آمده در تسریع رفع و اصلاح انحراف از وجود انسان هم در حوزۀ فردی و هم در حوزۀ اجتماعی بکار گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• انسان‌شناسی
• مبانی ضعف رفتاری
• روش‌های تربیتی اصلاح ضعف رفتاری
• قرآن کریم

موضوعات

• قرآن پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining Human Behavioral Weaknesses and Educational Methods to Correct Them Based on the Holy Quran

نویسندگان [English]

• Maryam Brahman ¹
• Mahdiye Hosseini ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy of Islamic Education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

² Master's Degree in Islamic Education and Training, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research is explaining behavioral weaknesses of humans and its modification methods based on the Holy Quran. This research is in the category of qualitative research in terms of approach, and an analytical method using thematic analysis method has been used. The statistical community of the research includes The Holy Quran and the sample of the research are the verses related to behavioral weakness. In the following, the primary data was coded and classified based on the basic, organizing and comprehensive themes in the three axes of foundations, principles and methods. The findings of the research showed that the behavioral weaknesses in the individual field include neglect in life, being ungrateful, pride and arrogance, being hasty, being greedy, lack of energy and despair in the face of difficulties, and in the social field, the basics of mocking, fault-finding, and resentment. It is hypocrisy and hypocrisy. Corresponding to the foundations, in the field of method, remembrance of truth, gratitude, vigilance and wisdom, patience, contentment, raising the threshold of tolerance in the face of difficulties, forgiveness, and guidance, patience, influencing the heart, silence and truthfulness were identified. The function of the obtained themes is to speed up the correction and remove deviations from human existence in such a way that the obtained principles and methods serve to correct the aforementioned weaknesses.

Introduction

Man has such a truth that knowledge of him is knowledge of the truth. In the discussion of the human caliphate, man is a transformed and changing creature with a wonderful transformation. True education is the realization of this transformation and the journey towards his true status; of course, in this journey, it is necessary to pay attention to the realities of human beings so that the structure and organization of education do not become unrealistic. God has created forces, instincts, and attributes in human beings that are considered as a potential means of his evolution and development, happiness and perfection, abilities that help humans in the direction of it to achieve growth and excellence, but when these attributes are not properly recognized or guided and are placed in a deviant path, it will be the source of evil and corruption. The fact that there is both a tendency towards negative things and a tendency towards positive things in humans is the reason that man can evolve. Evolution is meaningful when a person also has a tendency towards negative things and despite the tendency from within to ugly things, refrains from acting on them. Considering the importance and necessity of recognizing and correcting people's behavioral weaknesses, the present research is trying to explain human behavioral weaknesses and their correction methods from the perspective of the Holy Quran.
Research Question(s)
Therefore, in this regard, using the method of thematic analysis, what are the human behavioral weaknesses according to the Holy Qur'an? And according to these principles, what training methods can be extracted to correct them based on the Holy Quran? The answer is given.

Literature Review

In the field of human behavioral weaknesses, researches have been carried out as follows: Hosseinkhani (1401) in his dissertation titled "The Role of Human Social Behaviors in Worldly Blessings from the Viewpoint of the Qur'an" into several categories of human social behaviors in terms of economic, political, it deals with education and culture, which causes the decline of worldly blessings. Socio-economic behaviors such as stealing and taking, extravagance, underselling, and miserliness, and social and political behaviors such as: choosing and agreeing with incompetent leaders and officials, breaking contracts, and being friends with infidels. And the hypocrites, denying the divine angels and disobeying them and avoiding fighting in the way of God and educational social behaviors such as turning away from worship, blasphemy, blasphemous and polytheistic behaviors, engaging in worldly pleasures and drowning in pleasures and lusts and social behaviors. Culture such as: discord, sinning, oppression, severing the relationship, and acting based on wrong customs and traditions. Haqiqi (1400) in his dissertation entitled "Analysis of the ways of human interaction with himself from the perspective of the Holy Quran" to the things that cause harm bringing man to himself, as "verse 9 of Surah Al-A'raf" points out. Mohseni (1379) in his dissertation "Human Evolution from the Sublime World to the Resurrection Based on the Qur'an and Sunnah" in the third part, pointed out the obstacles to human growth and perfection such as selfishness, love of the world, arrogance, following suspicions. Mir Jalili (1376) in the thesis titled "Praise and Criticism of Man in the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balagha" he tried to explain the positive and negative dimensions of man in the Qur'an. In most academic researches, according to the view of Islamic thinkers about man, which is based on less benefit direct collection from first-hand sources has been done with the aim of extracting educational methods. Researches that have been done with the aim of knowing the human being based on the Holy Qur'an have only dealt with a part of the human being and have a comprehensive and complete look at the human being and his behavioral weaknesses. In order to extract educational principles and methods for correction, it has been neglected.

Methodology

The current research is qualitative and a thematic analysis method is used.
The target statistical community in this research is Qur’anic verses related to human behavioral weakness. In order to ensure the correct interpretation of the verses, reliable interpretations such as Al-Mizan, Sample, Noor and Atib Al-Bayan were used in the interpretation of the Quran, and for this purpose, the following steps were taken:
First, the behavioral weakness in all the verses of the Holy Quran and the aforementioned interpretations were initially examined and recorded. After that, various weaknesses in this field were extracted and coded in both individual and social domains. Then, the basic topics have been obtained according to the primary coding. In order to achieve the organizing themes, the basic themes were re-examined and in the back and forth between them, the organizing themes were determined. Under the basics, those that had general principles, under the principles and those that pointed to various ways of correcting these weaknesses, under the methods were placed in more general and inclusive themes. To validate the research, all the content was sent to expert faculty members, and their suggested revisions and corrections were applied and sent again for re-examination and finally approved by the aforementioned professors. Another important factor in this field is the homogeneity of the investigation obtained from the analysis of the verses and interpretation points of different surahs. In addition to the mentioned cases, analytical comparisons and references to raw data were done through back-and-forth evaluations so that the construction of the theory is done correctly. In each of the above steps, despite extracting the components from the verses, in order to increase the accuracy of the work, the text and interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an have been referred to again.

Conclusion

Despite the capacities that God has given him, man has weaknesses in his behavior, which requires the use of educational methods. Based on these weaknesses, recognize these shortcomings and try to fix and correct them. The purpose of this research was to explain the human behavioral weaknesses and the methods of their correction based on the Holy Quran, with the research done in the available sources, the human behavioral weaknesses in two individual parts (negligence in life, ingratitude, pride and arrogance, Being hasty, being greedy, being impatient and despairing in the face of difficulties) and social (mockery, fault-finding, malice and hypocrisy) along with educational methods (remembering the truth, gratitude, vigilance, patience, contentment, raising the threshold of tolerance in the face of difficulties, forgiveness, acceptability, patience, emotional impact, wise silence and truthfulness) were investigated. The most important step in this case is to recognize the weakness and the will to try to fix it. According to the severity and weakness and degree of behavioral weakness, one or more educational methods may be recommended and implemented to eliminate the behavioral deficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Anthropology
• basics of behavioral weakness
• educational methods to correct behavioral weakness
• Holy Quran