نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• سیدمحمدحسن مومنی

استادیار گروه فقه و حقوق، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران؛ استاد درس خارج فقه و اصول حوزه علمیه قم

چکیده

تکالیف و وظائف شرعی از نگاه عقلی در محدوده قدرت مکلف تعریف می‎شود. این محدودیت در مقام انجام تکلیف به کاربست قاعدة تزاحم منتهی شده و در خصوص تعظیم شعائر الهی نیز جاری است. قدرت مکلف در موارد تزاحم با کاستی مواجه شده و مکلف در امتثال یکی از دو طرف تزاحم نسبت به طرف دیگر با عجز روبه‌روست و در صورت وجود اهمیت یک طرف باید بر اساس ملاک صحیح به ترجیح آن‌طرف اقدام کرد. برای این منظور در علم اصول قاعده باب تزاحم ترسیم شده است. یکی از موضوعاتی که در چالش این‌چنینی می‎تواند گرفتار آید مقوله تعظیم شعائر الهی است که در آیه سی و دوم سوره حج موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. شعائر الهی که در آیات متعددی موردتوجه قرارگرفته در تفاسیر و تطبیقات مختلفی تعریف شده است. نظر مختار، عنوانی جامع در حکایت از هر امری است که یادآور حق‌تعالی باشد؛ اعم از احکام دینی، امور شرعی و هر موضوع دیگری در این رابطه. ازجمله موضوعاتی که ذیل شعائر دینی در چالش تزاحم باید مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد اقامه مجالس جشن و سرور مذهبی و محافل حزن و اندوه دینی است. مثل توارد مناسبت میلاد و شهادت در تاریخ واحد. پژوهش حاضر با روش اجتهادی مرسوم در فقه امامیه و شیوه کتابخانه‎ای با بررسی مفاد آیه مذکور و نظرات اهل تفسیر و اعمال اجتهادی قاعده تزاحم به نتیجه ترجیح رعایت شئون مناسبت مراسم حزن بر شئون شادی دست یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• شعائر الهی
• تعظیم شعائر
• قاعدة تزاحم
• ترجیح اهم
• امتثال
• آیة سی و دوم حج

موضوعات

• قرآن پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Jurisprudential Application of the Conflict Rule, (TAZAHOM), In Bowing down to Divine Rituals, Looking at the Thirty-Second Verse of Hajj

نویسنده [English]

• Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Momeni

Assistant Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Law, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Senior Professor of Islamic Seminary, Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law,Qom

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract

Introduction

In the correct performance of any duty, the issue of recognizing the main element of its feasibility is that it is possible. Because until there is a correct recognition of the duty, there will be no possibility of correct compliance with the duty in accordance with the desired and prescribed conditions and criteria. On the other hand, from a rational perspective and in accordance with the rule of the ugliness of the eagle, there is no doubt that those who are obligated to perform their duties and responsibilities are questioned and held accountable within the framework of the power and authority they have, but based on verse 286 of Al-Baqarah, no one is obligated beyond his power and authority.
One of the desirable mandatory and persuasive categories in the Holy Quran is the category of “enhancing the divine rituals”. Various verses mention the divine rituals. In verse 32 of the Holy Surah Al-Hajj, the ennobling and honoring of the divine rituals is considered part of divine piety. To comply with and stand firm against this blessed verse, two basic steps are necessary and essential, both of which are considered in the framework of jurisprudence and jurisprudential ijtihad in the school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and Imamiyyah jurisprudence.
The first step in relation to jurisprudence in this regard is the correct understanding of the divine rituals, then identifying the true instance or instances of them, and then understanding the truth of the veneration of these rituals. This stage and this step is the main ijtihadic responsibility of a jurist in relation to this category, and only a mujtahid jurist can handle it.
The second step is the issue of applying this category as a duty. Although the status of the action and the fulfillment of duties is related to the status of obligatory compliance and is outside the scope of the jurist's ijtihadic duty. However, in some matters, the practical realm is the principles and rules of ijtihad, and the initial explanation and adoption of a jurisprudential opinion on that matter is the responsibility of the mujtahid, such as the explanation and clarification of the practical rules and regulations on the subject of interference. This issue must also pass through the ijtihad filter of the jurist and be revised as a jurisprudential concern so that the obligated person can act in compliance based on that explanation and clarification.
Research Question
How is the veneration of divine symbols implemented in the challenge of interference? In other words, the veneration of divine symbols, like many other categories, can be caught in the challenge of interference due to the limitations of the obligated person's power. Now, how should the rule of interference be applied to overcome this challenge?
Research Literature
Although the jurisprudential rule of interference has been discussed in most of the books of Usul and many scientific articles, its application in the issue of the veneration of rituals has not been the focus of research, while the veneration of rituals is very much in question in the practical field, and the focus of the rule of interference is also in the realm of the implementation and practical compliance of the duty, and this proportion of the practical fields increases the importance of the research. The present research first tries to unravel the meaning and conceptual truth of the issue of "divine rituals" and its veneration, especially regarding the thirty-second noble verse of the Holy Surah Al-Hajj. Then, it focuses on its application in the position of interference and presents a general rule to free researchers from the dilemma of interference in this regard.
Research Method
The method of this research is analytical-descriptive and, following the method of jurisprudential ijtihad in the Imamiyyah school, with the tool of library study, in addition to paying attention to religious sources, including verses and narrations, it deals with jurisprudential and usul texts and the opinions of usul scholars and Imamiyyah jurists and explores the issue.
Conclusion
The divine rituals, which are considered in numerous verses, have been defined in various interpretations and applications. Mukhtar's opinion is a comprehensive title in describing any matter that reminds God Almighty; including religious rules, religious affairs, and any other issue in this regard. Among the issues that should be evaluated under religious rituals in the challenge of conflict are holding religious celebrations and joyous gatherings, and religious mourning and sorrow gatherings. Such as the events of the occasion of birth and martyrdom on the same date. Based on the application of the rule of conflict, we reach the result of preferring the observance of appropriate ceremonies of mourning over those of joyous ceremonies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Divine Rituals
• Veneration of Rituals
• Rule of Conflict
• Preference for the Most Important
• Compliance
• Verse Thirty-Two of Hajj