نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سهیلا جلالی کندری ¹
• نصرت نیلساز ²
• ساجده نبی‌زاده ³

¹ دانشیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

² دانشیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیّت مدرس، تهران، ایران

³ دکترای علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه الزهراء(س)، تهران، ایران

چکیده

روایتگری داستان یکی از مفاهیم قرآنی است که در سراسر آن مشاهده می‌شود و به دوره مکّه یا مدینه اختصاص ندارد، گرچه طرح اولیه بیشتر داستان‌ها در سوره‌های مکّی است و در سوره‌های مدنی تکرار یا پیرفت دیگری از آن داستان روایت می‌شود. در پژوهش حاضر با کاربست چهار مؤلفه‌ی نحوه پراکندگی، ساخت و بسامد واژگان، ساخت نحوی و مخاطب به بررسی ساختار روایات سوره‌های مدنی پرداخته‌شده تا از رهگذر آن، ارتباط ساختار داستان‌ها با بستر کلام و فضای نزول تحلیل و تبیین شود. واکاوی مؤلفه‌های یاد‌شده در داستان‌های سوره‌های مدنی، این حقیقت را آشکار می‌سازد که روایتگریِ سرگذشتِ پیشینیان کاملاً متأثّر از زمینه‌ی سخن، فضای نزول آیات و احوال مخاطب است. به همین دلیل پیرفت‌های مختلف یک داستان در سوره‌های مختلف پراکنده است. همچنین با عنایت به حضور یهودیان در مدینه، داستان بنی‌اسرائیل بر سایر داستان‌ها در سوره‌های مدنی غلبه دارد. از سوی دیگر در سیاق روایتگری داستان، واژگانی اختصاصی و تکامد به‌کاررفته که زمینه بیشتر آن، داستان‌های بنی‌اسرائیل است. دو خطاب اختصاصی آیات نیز متوجه ایشان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• روایتگری داستان
• ساختار داستان‌
• سوره‌های مدنی
• فضای نزول

موضوعات

• قرآن پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Narrative Structure in the Medinan Suras of the Holy Quran

نویسندگان [English]

• soheila jalali kondori ¹
• Nosrat nilsaz ²
• sajedeh nabizadeh ³

¹ Associate Professor of Quranic Studies and Hadith, Department of Quranic Studies and Hadith, Faculty of Theology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

² Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares, University, Tehran, Iran

³ PhD in Quranic studies and Hadith, Faculty of Theology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Narration of a story is one of the Quranic concepts that can be seen throughout it and is not specific to the period of Mecca or Medina. Although the initial design of most of the stories is in Meccan suras and Medinan suras, the story is repeated or another version of that story is narrated. In the current research, the structure of Medinan suras' narrations has been examined by using the four components of distribution, word structure and frequency, syntactic structure and audience, in order to analyze and explain the relationship between the structure of the stories and the context of the words and the space of descent. The analysis of the mentioned elements in the stories of Medinan Suras reveals the fact that the narration of the history of the predecessors is completely influenced by the context of the speech, the atmosphere of the revelation of the verses and the condition of the audience. For this reason, different developments of the same story are scattered in different chapters. Also, due to the presence of Jews in Medina, the story of the Bani Israel and their encounter with the divine prophets prevails over other stories in Medinan suras. On the other hand, in the context of narrating the story, a specific vocabulary is used, which is mostly related to the stories of the Bani Israel. Two special addresses of the verses are also addressed to them. In addition, because the Muslims in Medina needed the strength of the heart to overcome the enemies, divine help in previous events is remembered.
Research Question
What is the connection between the stories of the Medinan suras and the context in which they were revealed?

Literature Review

Numerous writings have been written with a structuralism approach regarding the stories of the Holy Quran 1. In addition, some studies have compared the Quranic narration of a story with its biblical narration 2. Some studies have also compared the Meccan and Medinan versions of a specific story from the Quran 3. Based on the author's findings, no research has focused on all the stories of the Medinan or Meccan suras, and in all cases, what has been studied and researched has been only one story. However, the present study differs from previous studies in terms of the statistical population and the scope of the study text. Meanwhile, the models used in the aforementioned studies are different from each other and from the present study.

Methodology

The study approach of the present article is descriptive and in some respects analytical, and its method of data collection is the library method.

Conclusion

In the previous study, the structure of the Medinan suras of the Holy Quran was analyzed and explained based on four components: distribution, structure and frequency of words, syntactic structure, and audience. The way in which Medinan stories are scattered shows that the Quran's principle in the Narration of the story is scattering. That is, in accordance with the context of the speech and the audience's mood, whenever there is a need to recall the fate of previous nations, it resorts to the fate of past nations in order to learn a lesson. Therefore, given the political and social atmosphere of Medina and the significant presence of the People of the Book in this city, stories related to the People of the Book, especially the covenant-breaking of Bani Israel, are highly frequent. These stories are narrated with the aim of introducing the characteristics of the People of the Book as one of the enemies of Muslims and also to warn the audience of the Quran against being similar to them and having problems with them. Lexical analysis reveals the use of specific and coincidental vocabulary, most of which is observed in the context of narrations related to the Bani Israel. The perspective that was discussed under the analysis of syntactic structure indicates God's narrative, which is sometimes "omniscient" who narrates the story from outside as a superior thought, and sometimes it is "the narrator's self" who narrates it as one of the actors in the story. When examining the audience of the stories, a noteworthy point is the specific address of the "Bani Israel", which is linked to the atmosphere of the revelation of the verses and the presence of the People of the Book and the history of their breach of the covenant, although the general address of the stories remains strong.
Notes

Amani, Reza et al. (2014), Functionalism of the Repetition Structure in the Illustrations of the Quran (Case Study of the Story of Prophet Moses), Literary-Quranic Research, 1(2), pp. 99-120.
Taherinia, Ali Baqer and Maryam Darya-Navard (2014), Analysis of the Structure of the Dialogue Element in the Story of Prophet Abraham in the Holy Quran, Quranic Research in Literature, 2, pp. 27-52.
Salamat Baville, Latifeh (2017), Analysis of the Narrative Structure of the Prophet Ionian Story in the Quran Based on Gerard Genette's Theory, Journal of Quran and Hadith Research, 2, pp. 49-68.
Alizadeh Manaman, Isa and others (2019), Studying the structure of the story of Prophet Abraham and Lot in the Holy Quran based on Simpson's model, Science and Religion Research, 20, pp. 107-128.
Nabaei, Sajedeh and others (1401), Analytical comparison of the story of Abraham (PBUH) in the Meccan and Medinan suras, Quranic Studies and Islamic Culture, 3(6), pp. 155-175.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Narration of a Story
• Story Structure
• Medinan Suras
• Atmosphere of the Revelation