نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

• باقر ریاحی مهر ¹
• سید محمد حسینی پور ²

¹ استادیار گروه قرآن و مستشرقان مجتمع آموزش عالی قرآن و حدیث جامعة‌المصطفی العالمیه (ص)، قم، ایران

² دکتری تفسیر تطبیقی دانشگاه علوم و معارف، قم، ایران

چکیده

تفسیر به مثابه یک علم، در طول تاریخ گسترده خود، همانند دیگر علوم، ساختاری عمدتاً قابل استفاده برای دانشمندان داشته و استدلال، بیان آرای موافقان و مخالفان، و نقد، بخشی از شاکله آن را تشکیل داده است. تفسیر واعظانه، نامی نوآشنا اما گرایشی کهن از تفسیر قرآن کریم است که تا کنون مطالعه دقیقی پیرامون چیستی و جایگاه آن در میان تفاسیر انجام نشده است. این نوع تفسیر با انگیزه تبیین قرآن و همراه با وعظ و اندرز مخاطبان، به منظور تأثیرگذاری آموزه‌های قرآنی بر ایشان، با استفاده از ابزارهایی همچون شعر، حکایت، امثال، اشارات عرفانی و مأثورات روایی، به تفسیر آیات می‌پردازد. تفسیر واعظانه، تفسیری همسو با روح قرآن، یعنی هدایت و موعظه، است و شواهد و قراین نشان می‌دهد که رگه‌هایی از آن به عصر نزول بازمی‌گردد. با این حال، در شکل مصطلح خود، با تفسیر حسن بصری آغاز شد و با ترجمه تفسیر طبری ادامه یافت تا سرانجام با تفسیر ابوالفتوح رازی به یک تفسیر کامل با نشانه‌های تفسیری که از آن به «واعظانه» یاد می‌شود، نمود جدی در جهان تفسیر پیدا کرد. برخلاف تفاسیر اجتهادی-علمی که گرایش تنها نخبگان جامعه را به سوی خود جلب می‌کند، تفسیر واعظانه مانند خود قرآن، قابل استفاده علمی، تربیتی و اخلاقی برای عموم مردم بوده و هست؛ با این حال، با تفاسیر تربیتی و هدایتی تفاوت‌هایی دارد. این نوع تفسیر می‌تواند فاصله میان دانش تفسیر و توده مسلمان را کاهش داده و به پیوند بیشتر عامه مردم با مفاهیم قرآنی منتهی گردد. در این مقاله، با به‌کارگیری روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و شیوه منبع‌یابی کتابخانه‌ای، جایگاه تفسیر واعظانه بین گونه‌های مختلف تفاسیر، معنا و چیستی آن با عنایت به مفردات و معناشناسی وعظ تبیین و برای نخستین بار، تعریف کاملی از آن ارائه شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تفسیر واعظانه، تلفیقی از تفاسیر نقلی و عرفانی به حساب می‌آید که ادبیاتی سرشار از بدیع و آمیخته با شعر، داستان و امثال دارد. همچنین به دلیل ورود متنی از یک یا چند منبع بیرونی و غیر از تحلیل مفسر، جایگاه این نوع تفسیر را در بین تفاسیر توسعه‌ای قرار می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تفسیر واعظانه
• روابط هم‏نشینی
• روابط جانشینی
• میدان معنایی
• وعظ

موضوعات

• قرآن پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Research on the Exegetical Preaching of the Holy Quran and Explanation of Some Examples of It

نویسندگان [English]

• Bagher riyahimer ¹
• Seyed Mohammad Hosseinipour ²

¹ Assistant Professor of the Quran and Orientalists Group at the Higher Education Complex of Quran and Hadith, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran

² Ph.D. in Comparative Interpretation, University of Sciences and Knowledge, Qom, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Interpretation as a science throughout its extensive history, like other sciences, has had a structure that is mainly usable by scholars, and argumentation, expression of opinions of supporters and opponents, and criticism have formed part of its structure. Where it is possible (or rather, should be based on a belief in the field of interpretative writing style) to present and explain this knowledge in a way that the majority of the audience (i.e., the general public who want to explain and expand on the themes and concepts of the Quran) who do not seem to have much affinity with the scientific style can also benefit from it.
Based on what has been said, from the perspective of the audience, interpretations can be imagined in two types: mass-oriented and elitist. Based on these two approaches to presenting interpretive topics, it can be said that the different works and types of interpretation have adopted two main methods: either the Quran is interpreted with scientific literature and from a specific perspective (for example, literary, mystical, etc.) and by using scientific terminology, which is interpreted as elitist; or, for interpretation, they have used standard language and distanced themselves from the specialized terminology of other sciences such as philosophy, and have endeavored to interpret the verses of the Quran in the language of the common people in a friendly and benevolent tone, while telling stories and advice (which may not even be apparent on the surface of the verse).
Research Question(s)

Literature Review

Among the old and new researchers in the field of interpretation, only two contemporaries have focused on this trend of interpretation in their works on interpretation and referred to it as "preacher interpretations". They also consider the roots of preacher interpretations in the history of Quranic interpretation to be from the first century, the formation of the writing of these interpretations from the fourth century (with the founding of the preachers of the Quran), and their peak and expansion in the sixth century (Paketchi, 2010, p. 114; Shahroudi, 2010, pp. 575-576). Preachable exegesis continued in the Middle Ages until finally in the later period, with a distinguished writer and famous preacher, Mulla Hussein Vaez Kashani, with two works called "Muhawabeeh 'Aliyyah" and "Jawaher al-Tafsir" and commentaries such as "Jala' al-Adhhan wa Jala' al-Ahzan", known as "Tafsir Ghazer" by Jurjani and "Ruh al-Bayan" by Ismail Haqqi, etc. It continued to exist, but after that, it entered a period of decline and was reborn in the contemporary era with a few changes in some of its characteristics in the form of genres such as educational, guidance, and social.

Methodology

In this article, while using the descriptive-analytical method and library source-finding method, the position of sermonic interpretation among different types of interpretations, its meaning, and essence with regard to the vocabulary and semantics of sermons, explanation, and for the first time, a complete definition of it were presented.

Results

The findings of the research show that the sermonic interpretation is a combination of narrative and mystical interpretations, which has a literature rich in originality and mixed with poetry, stories, and the like. Also, due to the entry of a text from one or more external sources and other than the interpreter's analysis, this type of interpretation is placed among developmental interpretations.

Discussion

Throughout its extensive history, interpretation as a science, like other sciences, has had a structure that is mainly usable by scholars, and argumentation, expression of opinions of those in favor and against, and criticism have formed part of its structure. Preachy interpretation is a new name but an ancient trend in the interpretation of the Holy Quran that has not yet been studied in detail about its nature and place among interpretations.

Conclusion

Preaching interpretation is a combination of narrational and mystical interpretations, and the main concern of the interpreter in it is to guide the masses of people; therefore, with the aim of influencing the general audience and protecting them from satanic seduction and the evil self, by using attractive and understandable literature for the general public, he takes advantage of every opportunity and even in seemingly non-preaching verses of the Quran, he wisely, benevolently and kindly seeks a way to advise, admonish, and even warn and intimidate the people. In preaching interpretation, the interpreter's concern is to guide the general public by using the tools of preaching and admonition; therefore, in this type of interpretation, interpreters try to use all the correct tools used by preachers in the interpretation of the Holy Quran. This commentary, while utilizing the vernacular language and at the same time being simple, fluent, attractive, pleasing to the ear, poetic, full of stories, and understandable to the general public, aims to impress and create interest in the audience and increase the appeal of the commentary text. It takes advantage of every opportunity and, in a prophetic, wise, benevolent, and kind manner, offers advice and counsel to the people in line with the interpretation of the Holy Quran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Sermonical Interpretation
• Coexistence Relations
• Substitution Relations
• Semantic Field
• Sermon