نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• خلیل عارفی ¹
• علی بنائی ²
• وحید خاشعی ورنامخواستی ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

² استادیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی دانشگاه علّامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

³ گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

سنن الهی قوانین خداوند متعال برای جهان آفرینش و زندگی انسان‌هاست و خداوندی که حکیم، عالم و خالق موجودات است، بهترین قوانین را برای زندگی بشر وضع کرده است. پس برای بهبود زندگی اجتماعی بشر، باید اصول مدیریت جامعه مبتنی بر سنن الهی باشد. یکی از سنت‌های تکوینیِ مربوط به زندگی اجتماعی و دنیوی مردم، سنت الهی تغییر اجتماعی است. این سنت بدین معناست که مردم قادرند وضعیت جامعه‌ی خود را از وضعیت مطلوب به وضعیت نامطلوب و بالعکس تغییر دهند. حال این سؤالات مطرح است که اصول مدیریت جامعه مبتنی بر این سنت الهی چیست؟ شرایط تحقق این سنت الهی در جامعه چیست؟ در این مقاله با روش توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از آیات و روایات، به این مسائل پاسخ داده می‌شود. تغییر روحی و باطنیِ افرادِ تأثیرگذار بر جامعه، شرط تحقق این سنت الهی است. اصول مدیریت جامعه که مبتنی بر سنت تغییر اجتماعی است، عبارتند از: 1. اصل جلوگیری از رواج فساد، فحشا و عصیان در جامعه، 2. اصل توجه مدیران به درون جامعه، 3. اصل مردم‌داری، 4. اصل باورمندی مردم به سنت الهی تغییر اجتماعی.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• مدیریت جامعه
• اصول مدیریت
• مدیریت اسلامی
• سنت الهی تغییر
• سنن اجتماعی

موضوعات

• قرآن پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Principles of Community Management Based on the Divine Tradition of Social Change

نویسندگان [English]

• khalil arefi ¹
• Ali Banaee ²
• vahid khashei ³

¹ PhD student of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University

² Assistant Professor of Islamic Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University

چکیده [English]

The divine traditions are the laws of God Almighty for the creation of the world and human life, and God, who is wise, knowledgeable and the creator of creatures, has established the best laws for human life. So, in order to improve human social life, the principles of society management must be based on divine traditions. One of the formative traditions related to the social and worldly life of people is the divine tradition of social change.This divine tradition means that people are able to change the state of their society from favorable to unfavorable and vice versa. Now these questions are raised, what are the principles of community management based on this divine tradition? What are the conditions for the fulfillment of this divine tradition in society? In this article, these issues are answered by descriptive-analytical method and using verses and traditions. The spiritual and inner change of people influencing the society is a condition for the realization of this divine tradition. The principles of community management, which are based on the tradition of social change, are: 1. The principle of preventing the spread of corruption, prostitution and rebellion in society, 2. The principle of managers paying attention to the inside of society, 3. The principle of democracy, 4. The principle of people believing in the divine tradition. Social change.
Extended Abstract

Introduction

The world of creation and human life has rules and regulations established by God, called divine traditions, which have been expressed in verses and hadiths. On the other hand, God is aware of all the material, spiritual, social, individual, spiritual and physical needs of humans and has certainly expressed the most complete and best laws for human life. In Islamic societies, for better management of society and a better life for people, society's management must be based on divine traditions, and this research seeks to infer the principles of society's management from the divine tradition of social change. Therefore, the main issue of this research is what principles of society management are based on the divine tradition of social change? And in other words, what are the principles of society management based on the divine tradition of social change?
Divine traditions come in many forms: some are worldly and others are otherworldly; some are individual and others are social, and many fall under each of the aforementioned categories. In this study, one of the divinely created traditions, namely the tradition of social change, which concerns human worldly affairs and social life, is examined, and the principles of community management are inferred and explained from this divine tradition.
The tradition of social change is a Quranic principle and a foundation of the Islamic worldview and sociology. This divine tradition is derived from verse 11 of Surah al-Raʻd, where God has said about this tradition: “Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in them; surely, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change the social condition of their own society.” Verse 53 of Surah
al-Anfāl also indicates this divine tradition. This article is written based on the explanation and interpretation of these two verses, using other verses and narrations.

Literature Review

Regarding the background of this research, it should be said that there are many works written about divine traditions, but there are few works in which the principles of community management based on divine traditions are explained, and after searching the existing works, no work was found on the principles of community management based on the divine tradition of social change. Of course, Alireza Afzali has written an article titled "What are divine traditions and the necessity of their application in the governance system." This article was published in December 1401, in the Governance Studies Journal, by the Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. However, this article discusses only the nature and general characteristics of divine traditions, their typology, and the necessity of applying them in the governance system.
In addition to the above article, Alireza Afzali has written another article titled "Islamic Management Based on Divine Traditions, Case Study: Sustenance", which was published in the winter of 2016 by the Quarterly Journal of Fundamental Research on Islamic Sciences. However, this article only focuses on the tradition of sustenance and does not discuss the tradition of social change. In addition, the principles of management rooted in the tradition of sustenance are not clearly explained in this article.
Regarding the tradition of social change, two articles titled “Analysis of the tradition and structure of social change (with emphasis on verse 11 of Surah al-Raʻd)” and “Analysis, comparison and criticism of the views of commentators on the tradition of change (below verse 11 of Surah al-Raʻd)” have been written by Nabiullah Sadrifar and colleagues. However, in these two works, the author did not address the principles of community management and did not seek to infer them from the divine tradition of change. The author of the present work seeks to infer the principles of community management based on the divine tradition of social change. Therefore, no work that addresses the topic of this article was found.

Methodology

The method of this article is descriptive-analytical, and the research issues are addressed by analyzing and examining verses and narrations related to the tradition of social change. First, the main concepts of the research are explained, then, using the verses and narrations, the conditions for realizing the tradition of social change are stated. Then, the principles of community management, grounded in the tradition of social change, are inferred and analyzed.

Results

The spiritual and inner change of individuals who influence society is a condition for the realization of this divine tradition. The principles of community management, which are based on the tradition of social change, include: 1. The principle of preventing the spread of corruption, prostitution, and rebellion in society, 2. The principle of managers paying attention to the inside of society, 3. The principle of people-oriented behavior, 4. The principle of people believing in the divine tradition of social change.

Conclusion

The tradition of social change is one of the formation traditions and divine laws for human social life in this world, meaning that people can change the state of their society from a desirable to an undesirable state, and vice versa. To realize this divine tradition in society, two conditions are necessary, which are: Changing the people who influence society; changing the spiritual and inner lives of people in society. According to these two conditions, if the majority of people in a society are sinners and oppress people and abandon good deeds and gratitude to God, that society will be destroyed. Of course, according to this divine tradition, the opposite is also true. Therefore, to improve the state of people's social life and achieve correct, Islamic management in Islamic societies, the principles of societal management must be based on divine traditions, because God, who is the creator of man and the world, is more aware of all human needs and interests. The principles of community management, which are based on the tradition of social change, are:

The principle of preventing the spread of corruption, prostitution, and rebellion in society: According to this principle, if the majority of the people in the community turn towards corruption, prostitution, and rebellion, that society will go towards destruction. Therefore, all people in the community, especially the managers of the community, must adhere to this principle in order to prevent the destruction of the Islamic state.
The principle of managers paying attention to the inside of the community: According to this principle, the managers of Islamic societies should pay attention to the inside of the community instead of paying attention to external factors in order to change the society to a desirable state.
The principle of democracy: According to this principle, the managers of the community should observe the principle of democracy in Islamic societies in order to preserve the governance and Islamic nature of the government.
The principle of people believing in the divine tradition of social change: People's actions are derived from their beliefs and thoughts, and on the other hand, according to the divine tradition of social change, the actions of the people of each society have an effect on the progress or destruction of that society. Therefore, to manage society, the managers of Islamic societies must take charge of shaping public opinion and the beliefs of the society's people, so that the people of the society take measures to preserve and strengthen the Islamic system. Some of the effects of people's belief in the tradition of social change include: 1. Hope for an improvement in the state of social life and efforts for it, 2. Trying to reform most people in the society, and popularizing enjoying what is right and forbidding what is wrong in the society, 3. Trying to bring others along with them.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Community Management
• Principles of Management
• Islamic Management
• Divine Tradition of Change
• Social Traditions