نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فاطمه دست رنج ¹
• زهرا عباسی ²

¹ دانشیار دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به اقتضائات عصری رسانه علت ایجاد برخی از تحولات تاریخی و اجتماعی است و تا جایی پیش می‌رود که در صورت‌بندی‌های فرهنگی از عناصر کلیدی به شمار می‌آید. ازاین‌رو ارزیابی نظریه‌های رسانه بر اساس الگوی قرآنی می‌تواند به فهم درست این تحولات و ارزش‌گذاری این نظریات کمک نماید. برای نیل به نتیجه در بررسی این نظریات از رویکرد معرفت‌شناسانه بهره برده می‌‎شود. درواقع در این پژوهش ما بر آن شدیم تا بازخوانی برخی از نظریات حوزه رسانه و ارتباطات به ارزیابی این نظریات از حیث صدق و توجیه معرفت‌شناسانه بپردازیم. اساس این ارزیابی الگوی گفتمان قرآنی در باب رسانه و عنایت به قرآن به‌مثابه رسانه است. از میان نظرات صدق و توجیه، انطباق‌گرایی، کارکردگرایی و انسجام‌گرایی در این نوشتار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و این نتیجه حاصل آمد که از میان هشت نظریه موردبررسی در این نوشتار نظریات مارشال مک لوهان، برجسته‌سازی و کاشت، دارای انطباق هستند و نظریاتی هستند که می‌توانند در گفتمان قرآنی کارکرد داشته باشند و قادر هستند در کنار یکدیگر باورهای منسجمی را توجیه نمایند. درحالی‌که نظریه تزریقی، مارپیچ سکوت، استفاده و رضامندی، اقتدارگرا و نیز رمزگشایی و دریافت، در سه حوزه انطباق‌‌گرایی، کارکردگرایی و انسجام گرایی در گفتمان قرآنی پذیرفته نیستند و محل اشکال می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• گفتمان قرآنی
• نظریه‌های رسانه
• معرفت‌شناسی
• صدق و توجیه

موضوعات

• قرآن پژوهی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Degree of Justifiability of Media Theories Based on the Model of Quranic Discourse

نویسندگان [English]

• Fatemeh Dastranj ¹
• zahra abasi ²

¹ Associate Professor of Arak University

² Master's Student, Quran and Hadith Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Most experts in interdisciplinary research on the Holy Quran and communication sciences believe that the Holy Quran is a media. The Quran, as a mass medium, firstly has selected a set of conversations and secondly has presented these conversations with a specific narrative for its general audience. What is considered in the present study is one of the aspects of the Quran as a media. In this sense, it contains a specific message from the sender to the audience. In this article, the media theories are reviewed with regard to the Quranic discourse model.
Research Question
How is the justifiability of media theories evaluated based on the Quranic discourse model?

Literature Review

 Among the research conducted, no research was found that independently assessed the justifiability and truth of media theories based on the Quranic discourse model. However, we can mention a few titles of articles that have examined the relationship between the media and the Quran and religion in an interdisciplinary study.
- Religion and theories of media influence; A survey of authentic Islamic texts and media theories; Amir Abdolreza Sepanji and Hossein Ali Afkhami.
- Components of the normative theory of mass media in the Holy Quran; Karim Khanmohammadi, Shamsollah Mariji, Ruhollah Abbaszadeh.
- The Quran, the science of communication, propaganda and media, the scientific position of dialogue in the mirror of the Quran; Seyyed Mehdi Soltani Ranani.
 Regarding the research approach, we can mention the article “Assessing the justifiability and truth of the theories of the miracle of the Quran in classical epistemological theories”, which, although it is not related to the present research in terms of subject matter, is close to the present article in terms of method.

3. Methodology

In this research, descriptive and analytical methods and epistemological approaches have been used. Epistemology, as a fundamental approach in modern philosophy, deals with the nature of human knowledge. In fact, examining the truth and justification of scientific theories is one of the most important tasks of epistemology. This article seeks to re-examine the theories in the field of media and communications and evaluate these theories in terms of truth and epistemological justification. The basis of this evaluation is the Quranic discourse model on the media and the consideration of the Quran as a media. Among the theories of truth and justification, adaptationism, functionalism and coherenceism are evaluated in this article. In this way, by establishing a relationship between epistemology, media theories and Quranic discourse, this issue can be viewed from a new perspective, so that the possibility of justification and truth of media theories based on the Quranic discourse model can be provided.

Conclusion

The most important achievement of this research is that the intellectual and epistemological basis and origin of media theories are in conflict with the Quranic discourse in some cases. Another fundamental difference is that in the absence of these theories, there is a human-centered view that creates two different perspectives compared to the Quranic discourse in the field of media and communications, which is a transhuman discourse. In addition, the functions of the media and media theories are based on ethics that allows the use of incorrect propaganda methods such as all kinds of fallacies, false and biased analyses, and other press and media tricks to achieve the goal, while right-centeredness is the central signifier of the Quranic discourse on the basis of which the explanation of growth and decline is made and the active audience must make a conscious choice.
Among the eight theories examined in this article, Marshall McLuhan's theories, salience and cultivation are compatible and are theories that can function in Quranic discourse and together can justify coherent beliefs. While the injection theory, the spiral of silence, use and consent, authoritarianism, and decoding and reception are not accepted in the three areas of adaptationism, functionalism, and coherenceism in Quranic discourse. The injection theory and use and consent are not compatible with the foundations of Quranic anthropology and will not be useful in practice. Quranic discourse refers to the spiral of silence in a way, but the principle is to break this spiral of silence and not to intensify it. Therefore, although this theory can be consistent with reality, it will not be a functional and useful theory in the field of Quranic media. The theory of authoritarianism, although it can be realized in reality, is also not desirable. Because in the media doctrine of the Quran, man is free and the Quran is a powerful right-wing media. In coherence, compatibility is when beliefs do not contradict each other and are all true. While these theories conflict with the discourse of truth-centeredness in the Quran, the view of man, moral principles, etc.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Quranic Discourse
• Media Theories
• Epistemology
• Truth and Justification